Reference · SQL (DuckDB)
Change case in SQL (DuckDB)
Lowercase or uppercase every value so that spellings differing only in case compare equal.
When to use it
Categories, emails and country codes whose case carries no meaning under the rules.
How
lower(x) and upper(x).
lower(trim(status, ' ' || chr(9) || chr(13) || chr(10)))
- NULL stays NULL.
Pitfalls
- Changing case where it carries meaning (some codes are case-sensitive).
- Lowercasing names, which changes how people's names appear.
Practise it: Normalize emails under a declared policy