Validate quantities and prices against ranges

The rules

These rules decide what a correct result is. Your answer is checked on this dataset and on hidden datasets that follow the same rules.

Input
  inventory(id, sku, quantity, unit_price, country) — text. id is unique; sku is always present.

Normalize
  country: remove ASCII whitespace at both ends, then uppercase.

Quarantine each invalid row with the FIRST failing reason, checked in this order:
  1. missing_quantity        quantity is missing
  2. bad_quantity            quantity is not a whole number: optional "-" then digits only
  3. quantity_out_of_range   quantity is less than 1 or greater than 500
  4. bad_price               unit_price is missing, or is not: optional "-", digits, optionally "." and 1–2 digits
  5. price_out_of_range      unit_price is zero or negative
  6. bad_country             country is not one of US, CA, MX (a missing country is also bad_country)

Outputs (row order does not matter)
  clean(id text, sku text, quantity int64, unit_price decimal(10,2), country text)
  exceptions(id text, reason text)